Energy efficiency technology transformation in metal casting in Southern India

The iron and steel sector is the second-largest industrial user of energy, consuming 616 Mtoe in 2007 and is also the largest industrial source of CO₂ emissions. The five most important producers – China, Japan, the United States, the European Union and Russia – account for over 70% of total world steel production. A main technology in the iron and steel industry is the direct casting, which is the process of creating finished iron and steel products using moulds to shape the molten metal.