Coastal zones / marine ecosystems
| Artificial Sand Dunes and Dune Rehabilitation |
Naturally occurring sand dunes are wind-formed sand deposits representing a store of sediment in the zone just landward of normal high tides (French, 2001). Artificial dunes are engineered... |
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| Beach nourishment |
Beach nourishment is an adaptation technology primarily used in response to shoreline erosion, although flood reduction benefits may also occur. It is a soft engineering approach to coastal... |
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| Coastal setbacks |
Coastal setbacks are ‘a prescribed distance to a coastal feature such as the line of permanent vegetation, within which all or certain types of development are prohibited (Cambers, 1998). A... |
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| Flood hazard mapping |
Flood hazard mapping is an exercise to define those coastal areas which are at risk of flooding under extreme conditions. As such, its primary objective is to reduce the impact of coastal... |
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| Flood warnings |
A flood warning system is a way of detecting threatening events in advance. This enables the public to be warned en masse so that actions can be taken to reduce the adverse effects of the... |
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| Flood-proofing |
The primary objective of flood-proofing is to reduce or avoid the impacts of coastal flooding upon structures. This may include elevating structures above the floodplain, employing designs... |
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| Land claim |
The main objective of land claim is neither erosion nor storm reduction. The aim of land claim is instead, to create new land from areas that were previously below high tide. However,... |
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| Managed realignment |
Managed realignment is able to reduce both coastal flooding and erosion. It is the deliberate process of altering flood defences to allow flooding of a presently defended area. ... |
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| Sea Dikes |
The primary function of sea dikes is to protect low-lying, coastal areas from inundation by the sea under extreme conditions (Pilarczyk, 1998a). Dikes are not intended to preserve beaches... |
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| Seawalls |
Seawalls are hard engineered structures with a primary function to prevent further erosion of the shoreline. They are built parallel to the shore and aim to hold or prevent sliding of the... |
